Midterm and Final Exam Study Guide
The midterm exam will cover all chapters from your textbook that have been assigned up to the review during the class period just prior to the exam, as well as all lecture materials up to that point. The final exam will be comprehensive, covering the entire semester. Below are the most important ideas from the chapters. This is not an exhaustive list, and you are responsible for material from the textbooks and from lectures whether on this list or not.
MAJOR TERMS AND CONCEPTS FROM TEXTBOOK
Chapter 1
Communication ("exchange" or "transactional" definition---see faculty web page
for other ways of defining the term)
Symbols; codes
Encoding, decoding
Culture, co-culture
Channel or medium of communication (see faculty web page for other ways of
defining the term)
Ethics
Models of communication:
Linear model; interaction model; competent communication
model
Sender, receiver, channel/medium, noise/interference,
feedback, contexts
Dyad, interpersonal communication
Group and organizational communication
Chapter 2
Perception; communication processing
Schemas
Selective perception (an example of "filtering")
Fundamental attribution error (related to "attribution of motives")
Self-concept; self-esteem; self-efficacy
Self-presentation, self-monitoring
Chapter 3
Culture, co-culture
Worldview
Intercultural communication
High-context, low-context cultures
Collectivist, individualist cultures
Masculine, feminine cultures
Monochromatic, polychromatic cultures
Generation
Gender
Social identity theory
Accommodation, convergence
Chapter 4
Language
Denotative meaning, connotative meaning
Grammar
Communication functions:
Informing, expressing feelings, imagining, ritualizing
Slang, jargon
Semantics, pragmatics
Facts, opinions, inferences
Speech repertoires
Formal vs. informal language
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Linguistic determinism, linguistic relativity
High-context vs. low-context cultures
Accommodation; code switching, style switching
Chapter 5
Nonverbal communication
Channel discrepancy
Nonverbal reinforcement of verbal communication; repeating, complementing,
accenting
Nonverbal communication as substitute; as contradiction; as regulating verbal
communication
Kinesics
Seven primary facial expressions
Masking
Oculesics
Paralanguage
Vocalizations
Proxemics
Haptics
Chronemics
Contact vs. non-contact cultures
Public-private dimension of nonverbal communication
Formal-informal dimension of nonverbal communication
Chapter 6
Hearing vs. listening
Selecting, attending, understanding, remembering, responding
Active vs. passive listening
Informational, critical, empathic, appreciative listening
Listening barriers
Multitasking as a listening barrier
Listening apprehension
Chapter 7
Interpersonal relationships
Interpersonal communication
Relational networks
Social exchange of costs and benefits
Intrinsic, extrinsic, and instrumental rewards
Conflict triggers:
Inaccurate perceptions, unbalanced costs and rewards,
incompatible goals, provocation
Social penetration theory
Initiating, exploratory, intensification, stable, declining, termination, reconciliation stages
of interpersonal relationships
Chapter 8
Conflict management
Productive vs. unproductive conflict
Uncertain, defensive, and supportive communication climates
Escapist, challenging, and cooperative strategies
Outcomes of conflict management:
Compromise, win-win, allocation of power, lose-lose,
separation
Chapter 9
Characteristics of groups:
Shared identity, common goals, interdependent relationships
Primary group
Focus group
Self-directed work team
Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning
Coalitions and countercoalitions
Social loafing
Chain networks, all-channel networks, wheel networks
Group interdependence, cohesion, and norms
Task roles, social roles, role conflict
Anti-group roles (blocker, avoider, recognition
seeker, distractor)
Communication apprehension
Chapter 10
Leadership
Five sources of power/authority: Legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, referent
Leadership styles: Directive, participative, supportive, achievement-oriented
Group decision making
Cognitive, psychological, and social forces in group decision making
Group problem solving:
Identify problem, analyze problem; generate alternatives,
evaluate alternatives; choose, implement, assess solution
Planning meetings:
Justification, clarification, setting agenda
Managing meetings:
Preparation, focus, summarizing, timing, managing conflict,
following up
Chapter 11
Organizational communication
Classical management approach
Human relations approach
Human resources approach
Systems approach
Organizational culture
Organizational assimilation
Globalization
Midterm Exam for July Summer Session covers up to here; there will be no questions from Chapters 10 or 11
Chapter 12
Public speaking
Specific purpose statement
Thesis statement
Types of audience: pedestrian, passive, selected, concerted, organized
Demographics
Expert testimony; lay testimony
Statistics
Anecdotes
Surveys
Credibility
Plagiarism
Chapter 13
Main points, sub points
Working outline, speaking outline
Sentence outline, phrase outline, key word outline
Transitions: signposts, internal previews, internal summaries
Patterns of organization: chronological, topical, spatial, problem-solution,
cause-effect, narrative, motivated sequence
Oral citations
Chapter 14
Communication apprehension
Impromptu, or spontaneous, speaking
Extemporaneous speaking
Speaking from manuscript
Speaking from memory
Scanning
Chapter 15
Informative speaking
Objective vs. subjective
Demonstration speeches
Definitional speeches
Explanatory speeches
Chapter 16
Persuasive speaking
Proposition
Types of audience: receptive, hostile, neutral
Ethos, logos, pathos
Inductive vs. deductive reasoning
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Monroe's motivated sequence
Problem/solution pattern
Cause/effect pattern
Refutational pattern
Comparative advantage pattern
Logical fallacies: bandwagon, reduction to the absurd, red herring, ad hominen,
begging the question, either-or, appeal to tradition, slippery slope
MAJOR TERMS AND CONCEPTS FROM LECTURE
Communication (biological definition from faculty web page)
Medium of communication
Interpersonal/dyadic, group/organizational, and mass communication
Symbolic and mimetic communication
Verbal and non-verbal communication
Internal interference, external interference
Philosophy, rhetoric, sophistry
Socrates---Socratic method
Plato---Socratic dialogues, The Republic, The Academy
Aristotle---Rhetoric, The Lyceum
History of communication
From mimesis to symbolism; spoken and written language;
printing press; modern technologies---photography, telegraphy, sound recording (graphophone, phonograph), telephony, radio,
television, satellite, internet, cell phone
Writing for the ear, not for the eye
Looking glass self
Psychological "leakage"
Identity, identification
Critical listening
10 specific steps in developing a speech
3 general stages in developing a speech---focus, form, and flair
4 goals of the introduction to a speech
3 goals of the conclusion to a speech
4 kinds of transition
Form vs. content
Midterm Exam covers up to here for July Summer Session
Aural and visual aspects of speech delivery
Primary vs. secondary research
Judging credibility of sources
Establishing credibility of sources in oral citations
Definition of persuasion: non-coercive communication intended to influence a
person's perceptions, attitudes, values, beliefs and/or behavior
Judo vs. Sumo
4 principles of the psychology of persuasion: 1. People naturally resist
persuasion, 2. People engage in silent mental debate, 3. Some people will
strongly agree/disagree with your opinion, 4. People rarely change opinions
based on one persuasive message
Mythos (goes along with Ethos, Logos and Pathos)
Ethos;
3 elements of ethos: competence, character, goodwill towards audience
Problem/solution and problem/cause/solution pattern
Types of Reasoning--Analogical, causal (go along with inductive, deductive
reasoning)
Logical fallacies--hasty generalization, faulty analogy, false cause (cum hoc
ergo propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc)