Foreign Policy

• Makers
  • President
    • Commander-in-Chief
    • Diplomatic Recognition
    • Ambassadors, treaties, executive agreements
  • Bureaucracy
    • State & Defense Departments: diplomacy & military
    • NSC & CIA: information, advice & some operations
    • Commerce  Department: trade
    • Homeland Security Department: new
  • Congress
    • Declare War (obsolete?)
    • Power of Purse (finance, foreign aid)
    • Raise Armed Forces
    • Senate: Ambassadors, treaties
• Shapers
  • Interest Groups
    • Single-issue groups
    • Ethnicity/Country groups
    • Human Rights
    • Environment
  • Media
    • Scale and speed of communication
    • Coverage may create pressure for action

History

• Most of our history: Isolationist, Unilateralist
• Post-World War II: “Great leap” into for. policy
  • Engaged, Multilateralist... Why the change?
  • Post-WWII: US ok, USSR hurt but functioning
  • Europe and Asia devastated
  • Cold War: “Bipolar" world: US v. USSR
• Containment of communism
• 1970s: Rise of multipolar world
  • China, Japan, Europe, India become economic powers
• 1989-1991: Collapse of USSR, end of Cold War
• New Perspective: Global economics
  [video extra: Commanding Heights PBS, "The Global Idea", requires RealPlayer]
  • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
    [video extra: Commanding Heights PBS, "NAFTA: The First Test", requires RealPlayer]
  • World Trade Organzation (WTO)
  • G20 ("Group of 20") economic summits
  • But there are still security concerns: 9/11

Instruments

• No longer unilateralist, not just security:
  • Diplomacy, Money, and (yes, still) Military Force
    • Diplomacy, United Nations
• International Monetary Structure
• Economic Aid
• Collective Security, Military Deterrence